Extracellular polymeric substances of the marine fouling diatom amphora rostrata Wm.Sm

Amphora rostrata was grown under continuous illumination at 27°C in batch cultures using f/2 medium. Cell biomass (measured as chllorophyll a and cell counts) reached a maximum on day 7. Thereafter, cell biomass as chl a showed a small decrease. Planktonic('free') and biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the adherent cells of A. rostrata were studied. Both types of EPS were produced during the logarithmic phase of growth. However, production was higher during the stationary growth phase. Enhanced EPS production was associated with nutrient deficient conditions. Planktonic and biofilm EPS were purified by gel filtration using Sephadex G‐200 and ion exchange chromatography using DEAE‐cellulose. Both polymers showed the presence of a single peak. Capillary gas Chromatographie analysis of both planktonic and biofilm EPS showed that fucose (36.7%) and galactose (27.6%) were the most abundant monosaccharides, with small quantities of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. Other chemical analysis showed the presence of sulphate, uronic acids, hexoamines, pyruvate and proteins in both the planktonic and bio‐film EPS. Uronic acid, pyruvate and sulphate together were found to contribute ～50 to 60% (W/W) to the EPS of A. rostrata. Such a high content of non‐sugar components indicates their importance to the diatom in metal binding, desiccation prevention and flexibility.