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Anti-barnacle activity of novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol |
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| Authors: | Yoshikazu Kitano Chika Akima Erina Yoshimura Yasuyuki Nogata |
| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi , 183-8509 , Tokyo , Japan kitayo@cc.tuat.ac.jp;3. Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi , 183-8509 , Tokyo , Japan;4. CERES Inc. , 1-6-1 Ogawa-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku , 101-0052 , Tokyo , Japan;5. Environmental Science Research Laboratory , Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry , 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi , 270-1194 , Chiba , Japan |
| Abstract: | Twenty novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol were synthesized and evaluated for their antifouling activity and toxicity against cypris larvae of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. The anti-barnacle activity of the synthesized isocyanides was in the EC50 range of 0.08–1.49 μg ml?1. Simple isocyanides containing a benzoate and chloro group showed the most potent anti-barnacle activity. In addition, none of the synthesized compounds showed significant toxicity and LC50 values were <10 μg ml?1. The LC50/EC50 ratios of almost all of the synthesized compounds were >102. The results indicate that these simple isocyanides are promising low-toxicity antifouling agents. |
| Keywords: | antifouling activity barnacle isocyanide citronellol structure–activity relationships |