温度对沙蒿金叶甲生长发育和繁殖的影响

为了明确温度对沙蒿金叶甲Chrysolina aeruginosa Faldermann生长发育和繁殖的影响， 本实验在恒温条件（13， 18， 23， 28和33℃）下， 以白沙蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch为寄主植物， 研究了温度对沙蒿金叶甲实验种群生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明： 温度对沙蒿金叶甲各虫态的发育历期、 存活率以及种群繁殖力有显著影响。在13～28℃范围内， 各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短， 发育速率与温度呈显著正相关。但是， 当温度上升至33℃时， 幼虫和蛹生长发育受到抑制， 其幼虫发育历期与18℃， 23℃和28℃下相比延长并达到了显著差异水平(P<0.05)， 成虫不能羽化出土； 低温影响沙蒿金叶甲卵的存活率， 高温影响其蛹的存活率， 说明温度过高或过低均不利于沙蒿金叶甲的生长发育。成虫产卵量随环境温度变化的大小顺序为28℃＞23℃＞18℃＞13℃， 并存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。由直接最优法计算得到沙蒿金叶甲卵期、 1-3龄幼虫期、 4龄幼虫+蛹期的发育起点温度分别为9.72℃， 7.11℃和8.77℃， 有效积温依次为115.36， 441.91和448.40日·度。研究结果为沙蒿金叶甲发生期的预测预报提供了基础参考数据， 对指导生产实践有实际的应用意义。

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Chrysolina aeruginosa

To illustrate the influences of temperature on the development and reproduction of Chrysolina aeruginosa Faldermann, the development and fecundity of C. aeruginosa at five temperatures (13, 18, 23, 28 and 33℃) were investigated, with Artemisia sphaerocephala served as food. The results showed that temperature had significant effects on the developmental duration, survival rate and reproduction of C. aeruginosa. The developmental duration of every stage reduced with increasing temperatures from 13 to 28℃, and there was a positive relationship between developmental rate and temperature. Further increase of temperature to 33℃, however, was unfavorable to its larval and pupal development. The larval duration at 33℃ was significantly longer (P<0.05) than that at 18℃, 23℃ and 28℃, and the adult could not emerge from soil. Low temperature affected the survival rate of eggs while high temperature affected the pupal survival rate, suggesting that excessively low or high temperature was unfavorable to its survival. The oviposition amount of C. aeruginosa at different temperatures was significantly different (P<0.01) and varied in the order of 28℃＞23℃＞18℃＞13℃. Based on the direct optimal method, the developmental threshold temperatures for egg, 1st to 3rd instar larva, and 4th instar larva plus pupa were 9.72, 7.11, and 8.77℃, respectively, and the corresponding effective accumulated temperatures were 115.36, 441.91, and 448.40 degree-days, respectively. The results provide the basis for forecasting the occurrence of C. aeruginosa and are applicable in agricultural practices.