鞘翅目高级阶元分子系统学： 研究现状及存在的问题

鞘翅目是世界上物种最丰富的类群， 分为原鞘亚目（Archostemata Kolbe， 1908）、 藻食亚目（Myxophaga Crowson， 1955）、 肉食亚目（Adephaga Schellenberg， 1806）和多食亚目（Polyphaga Emery， 1886）。随着分子生物学的发展,分子系统学的技术被广泛应用于鞘翅目系统学研究中。本文综述了鞘翅目高级阶元的分子系统学的研究进展及存在问题。基于分子生物学手段， 分子分类学家提出了关于鞘翅目高级阶元分子系统学很多假说， 分子分析结果支持鞘翅目的4个亚目各为单系， 而亚目间的系统关系还不统一。基于分子手段对于亚目内的系统发育关系的研究也有了一定的进展， 比如： 分子系统学结果支持肉食亚目的水生类群和陆生类群分别为单系， 水生类群为一次起源。目前， 鞘翅目高级阶元分子系统学的研究还不够成熟和完善， 主要表现为： 材料选择有限且不均衡、 基因数目和适合度不理想， 以及一些关键节点研究的欠缺。

Higher level phylogeny of Coleoptera based on molecular methods: current status and problems

Coleoptera is the most diverse among all organismal lineages, which is subdivided into four suborders, i. e., Archostemata (Kolbe, 1908), Myxophaga (Crowson, 1955), Adephaga (Schellenberg, 1806) and Polyphaga (Emery, 1886). With the popularity of molecular biology, the research of molecular phylogeny of Coleoptera has been improved a lot. In this article, the progress and problems in the research of higher level molecular phylogeny of Coleoptera were reviewed. Based on molecular methods, many hypotheses were proposed. Most of them supported that the four suborders are all monophyletic, while their relationship is still unclear. The molecular phylogenetic relationship of superfamilies or families of each suborder also got much understanding. For example, molecular results supported that Adephaga could be divided into two groups, i. e., Hydraphaga and Geadephaga, which were sister groups, indicating a single colonization of the aquatic medium. Currently, the higher level phylogenetic studies of Coleoptera based on molecular methods are not mature and perfect, and this is mainly manifested in limited material selection, uneven number and unsatisfactory fitness of genes, and lack of researches of some key nodes.