Effect of Temperature and Termite Starvation on Phagocytosis by Protozoan Symbionts of the Eastern Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar |
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Authors: | LA Belitz DA Waller |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Abstract
Many termite species rely on intestinal protozoan symbionts to digest their cellulosic foods. We examined cellulose acquisition
by the symbionts of the Eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae) by following their phagocytosis of red paper fed to the termite host. The effects of termite
host starvation and environmental temperature on feeding activity were studied in the zooflagellates Trichonympha agilis Leidy (Trichonymphidae), Pyrsonympha vertens Leidy, Dinenympha fimbriata Kirby, and D. gracilis Leidy (Pyrsonymphidae), which are among the largest residents in R. flavipes' hindguts. Protozoans in termites starved for 24 h ingested red paper significantly sooner than protozoans in termites with
continuous access to food. Trichonympha, Pyrsonympha, and Dinenympha all ingested red paper particles at approximately the same rate. Red paper appeared significantly sooner in protozoans in
termites maintained at 32°C than in those maintained at 22°C or 26°C. At 32°C, numbers of Trichonympha per gut remained constant over 96 h. Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha cells were absent or significantly reduced in number by 72 h at that temperature. These results provide insight into the
environmental factors that shape the termite–protozoan symbiosis. They may aid in the development of protozoicides used to
control pest termites.
Received: 1 August 1997; Accepted: 26 November 1997 |
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