黑脸琵鹭在澳门的越冬分布和人为干扰影响

澳门路凼连贯公路西侧的湿地保护区是黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)重要的越冬地之一,每年的越冬数量稳定增长。2007～2009年度2个冬季的调查结果显示,黑脸琵鹭每年11月初至次年4月底在澳门越冬,12月至翌年2月份种群数量达到最大,超过50只。其中人工湿地是黑脸琵鹭主要的休息场所,沿岸滩涂是其重要觅食地。黑脸琵鹭昼间栖息行为以休息为主,其次是护理行为。栖息地周边主要人为干扰为噪声污染,但噪声水平较低,经噪声预测模型计算出传播至黑脸琵鹭停歇处的噪声水平为45.4dB(A)及46.5dB(A),低于鸟类耐受阈值,警觉受惊行为多数由大型牵引车和直升飞机引起。随着保护区周边地区的开发,车流量将进一步增加,建议加强保护区的科学管理,控制周边交通干线的车流量,并调整直升飞机飞行路线,尽量绕行保护区上空,以减少对黑脸琵鹭栖息的干扰。

Human Disturbance Effect on Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor Wintering in Macao

The Wetland Reserve located on the west side of the Taipa-Coloane Causeway is an important wintering area for the Black-faced Spoonbill ( Platalea minor). The population size of Black-faced Spoonbill wintering at the Wetland Reserve has increased annually. Surveys conducted in the winters from 2007 to 2009 indicated that the Black-faced Spoonbill wintered in Macao from early November to April. Wintering populations were largest from December to February, exceeding 50 individuals. The artificial wetland is the primary rest areas for Black-faced Spoonbills, while tidal flats serve as important feeding-grounds. Daytime behavior consists mainly of resting, followed by maintenance. Traffic noise is the main human disturbance around the Wetland Reserve, but the level of noise was relatively low. The predicted value of traffic noise at the Black-faced Spoonbills' habitat were 45.4 dB( A) and 46. 5 dB( A) , below the threshold of avian tolerance. Most alarm behaviors were caused by large tractors and helicopters. With rapid infrastructure development around the Wetland Reserve, traffic flow will be further increased. Controlling the surrounding traffic flow and adjusting the flight course of helicopters to detour around the airspace at the Wetland Reserve is suggested as part of a management plan for decreasing disturbance on wintering Black-faced Spoonbills at the Wetland Reserve of Macao.