垃圾堆肥基质对不同草坪植物生态及质量特征的影响

通过田间实验,研究了城市生活垃圾堆肥基质对高羊茅和黑麦草不同品种草坪植物生态及质量特征的影响。结果表明:堆肥能明显促进草坪植物生长,提高地上和地下生物量。与一茬草相比,垃圾堆肥对二茬草的促进作用更为明显,说明了垃圾堆肥营养具有缓释效应。另外,垃圾堆肥能加快草坪植物返青,对越年草坪植物盖度、株高以及生物量具有明显促进作用。不同品种草坪植物对垃圾堆肥的生长响应存在明显差异,在生长速度和生物量指标上,3种高羊茅品种表现较好。采用美国国家草坪评比体系NTEP(9分法)作为评比标准,对各草坪综合质量进行评定。结果垃圾堆肥建植的草坪综合质量均明显好于对照;不同草坪植物之间比较,以爱神综合质量为最佳,尤其表现在密度、颜色和质地方面。

Effects of compost from municipal solid waste on ecological characteristics and the quality of different turfgrass cultivars

Carpet turf production was used to conduct on cultivated soil in China. The fertile cultivated soil was often taken with turf selling. After several cycles, the soil became infertile and could no longer be used for cultivating crops. Meanwhile, there is a rapid increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) due to the population keep growing and the fast development of economy. MSW composting has been proved to be a safe and effective way to utilize the large amount of MSW. In this study, field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of MSW compost medium on ecological characteristics and the quality of different turfgrass cultivars. The results showed that MSW compost had significantly improved the biomass of turfgrass on both aboveground and underground parts. Compared with the first stubble, the second stubble grew much better, this indicated that nutrients of MSW compost may release slowly. Plant height of the second stubble grew in MSW compost was measured on August 11 and 31, respectively; both were significantly higher than that of their controls (P<0.01) which grew in cultivated soil. Aboveground biomass of the second stubble of Triple, Cochise and Tipton grew in MSW compost increased by 88.9%, 115.7% and 121.0% (P<0.01) compared to their controls, respectively. Moreover, the underground biomass of three cultivars grew on MSW compost increased by 33.8%, 57.3% (P<0.05) and 125.7% (P<0.01) compared with their controls, respectively. In addition, MSW compost could accelerate turfgrass to regreen and the coverage, plant height and biomass in the next year. The regreening peak of turfgrass grew in MSW compost appeared between the end of March and the beginning of April. There was remarkable increase in turfgrass coverage in response to MSW compost. Plant height of turfgrass with the regreening in the next year grew in MSW compost was significantly higher than that of the controls, especially for Triple, Cochise and Tipton. Furthermore, MSW compost increased the biomass of both aboveground and underground of turfgrass in the next year. The increases of aboveground biomass were 74.2% (P<0.01) and 77.3% (P<0.05) for Triple and Tipton, respectively, and underground biomass were 63.8% and 69.0% (P<0.01) for Cochise and Tipton, respectively. Different turfgrass cultivars showed different responses to MSW compost in plant growth. Among which, three Festuca arundinacea L. cultivars had higher biomass and growth rate than Lolium perenne L. cultivar. According to National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), the scores for turf grew in MSW compost assessment were much higher than those of their controls. Cultivar Accent achieved the highest score of 8.4 in comprehensive quality, especially in density, color and texture of leaves. These results demonstrated that MSW compost contained rich nutrients and the nutrients released slowly, which made the compost support turfgrass to grow more than two years or even longer. Turf established in MSW compost medium showed better color effect and other properties. These findings highlight that turf production with compost came from MSW could largely reduce the environmental pollution and soil contamination. Thus, it is necessary to replace soil medium with MSW compost in turf production.