Comparative genome analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I B/C segments in primates elucidated by genomic sequencing in common marmoset (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Callithrix jacchus</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | Takashi Shiina Azumi Kono Nico Westphal Shingo Suzuki Kazuyoshi Hosomichi Yuki F Kita Christian Roos Hidetoshi Inoko Lutz Walter |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine,Tokai University School of Medicine,Isehara,Japan;2.Abteilung Primatengenetik, Deutsches Primatenzentrum,Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung,G?ttingen,Germany;3.Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics,National Institute of Genetics,Shizuoka,Japan |
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Abstract: | Common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) have emerged as important animal models for biomedical research, necessitating a more extensive characterization of their
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. However, the genomic information of the marmoset MHC (Caja) is still lacking. The MHC-B/C segment represents the most diverse MHC region among primates. Therefore, in this paper, to elucidate the detailed gene organization
and evolutionary processes of the Caja class I B (Caja-B) segment, we determined two parts of the Caja-B sequences with 1,079 kb in total, ranging from H6orf15 to BAT1 and compared the structure and phylogeny with that of other primates. This segment contains 54 genes in total, nine Caja-B genes (Caja-B1 to Caja-B9), two MIC genes (MIC1 and MIC2), eight non-MHC genes, two non-coding genes, and 33 non-MHC pseudogenes that have not been observed in other primate MHC-B/C segments. Caja-B3, Caja-B4, and Caja-B7 encode proper MHC class I proteins according to amino acid structural characteristics. Phylogenetic relationships based on
48 MHC-I nucleotide sequences in primates suggested (1) species-specific divergence for Caja, Mamu, and HLA/Patr/Gogo lineages, (2) independent generation of the “seven coding exon” type MHC-B genes in Mamu and HLA/Patr/Gogo lineages from an ancestral “eight coding exon” type MHC-I gene, (3) parallel correlation with the long and short segmental duplication unit length in Caja and Mamu lineages. These findings indicate that the MHC-B/C segment has been under permanent selective pressure in the evolution of primates. |
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