Optimization of culture conditions of Arnica montana L.: effects of mycorrhizal fungi and competing plants |
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Authors: | Anna Jurkiewicz Przemyslaw Ryszka Teresa Anielska Piotr Waligórski Dobroslawa Bia?ońska Katarzyna Góralska Merope Tsimilli-Michael Katarzyna Turnau |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of ?rhus, Forskerparken, Gustav Wiedsvej 10C, 8000, ?rhus C, Denmark 2. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387, Kraków, Poland 3. Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30239, Kraków, Poland 4. Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, 1254 Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract: | Arnica montana is a rare plant that needs special protection because of its intensive harvesting for medicinal purposes. The present work
was aimed at finding optimal culture conditions for Arnica plants in order to enable their successful reintroduction into their natural stands. Plants were cultivated under controlled
greenhouse conditions on substrata with different nitrogen (N) concentration. As Arnica is always colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in nature, a fact that has been overlooked in other similar projects,
we, here, applied and tested different inocula. We found that they differed in their effectiveness, both in establishing symbiosis,
assessed by the colonization parameters, and in improving the performance of Arnica, evaluated by the photosynthetic parameters derived from the fluorescence transients (JIP-test), with the inocula containing
G. intraradices or composed of several Glomus strains being the most effective. The comparison was possible only on substrata with medium N, since high N did not permit
the formation of mycorrhiza, while at low N, few nonmycorrhizal plants survived until the measurements and mycorrhizal plants,
which were well growing, exhibited a high heterogeneity. Analysis of secondary metabolites showed clearly that mycorrhization
was associated with increased concentrations of phenolic acids in roots. For some of the inocula used, a tendency for increase
of the level of phenolic acids in shoots and of sesquiterpene lactones, both in roots and in shoots, was also observed. We
also studied the interactions between A. montana and Dactylis glomerata, known to compete with Arnica under field conditions. When specimens from both species were cultured together, there was no effect on D. glomerata, but Arnica could retain a photosynthetic performance that permitted survivability only in the presence of AMF; without AMF, the photosynthetic
performance was lower, and the plants were eventually totally outcompeted. |
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