Kairomones from scarabaeid grubs and their frass as cues in below-ground host location by the parasitoids Tiphia vernalis and Tiphia pygidialis |
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Authors: | Michael E Rogers and Daniel A Potter |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Bldg, North Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA |
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Abstract: | Cues used in below-ground host-searching behaviour and host discrimination were examined for Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia pygidialis Allen (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), ecto-parasitoids of root-feeding larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), respectively. Response to potential stimuli was compared in dual choice tests in an observation chamber filled with soil. Each wasp showed species-specific, directed movement along residual body odor trails made by dragging its respective host through the soil. Presence of a grub was not necessary for wasps to follow such trails. Frass from either host- or non-host grubs elicited trail-following, but each Tiphia species followed frass trails from its respective host when a choice was presented. Frass trails elicited stronger responses than body odor trails. The combination of host frass and body odor elicited the strongest trail-following responses. Our results suggest that once in the soil, Tiphia spp. locate their hosts using contact kairomones present in grub body odor trails and frass. |
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Keywords: | Tiphiidae Tiphia parasitoid Scarabaeidae Popillia japonica Cyclocephala host location kairomone soil insects |
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