金针菇栽培基质替代原料初步筛选研究

针对近年金针菇栽培主要原料棉籽壳价格大幅度上涨，导致栽培成本不断增加、栽培经济效益不断下滑的现实问题，在以棉籽壳为主要栽培料配方（CK1）的基础上，用新型基质花生壳、木屑、玉米芯、油菜杆、黄豆杆、猕猴桃枝、桑枝屑、高粱壳等资源部分替代棉籽壳，设计了8个金针菇栽培料配方，并以常用配方CK2为辅助对照，进行金针菇（川金3号）栽培试验。结果表明，配方6（花生壳）的产量虽未超过对照CK2，但其产量显著高于对照CK1（高33.11%），转化率达到对照CK2的水平，其栽培效益超过对照CK1（高629.03%）和CK2（高15.90%），且子实体品质好，所以在成都平原冬末早春季出菇时，用30%的花生壳替代棉籽壳栽培金针菇，可以显著降低材料成本，增加栽培效益。

A preliminary screening of alternative substrate for cultivation of Flammulina velutipes

Cotton seed hull is the main cultivation material of Flammulina velutipes, but the market price of cotton seed hull are increasingly going up and resulting in decline of economic benefits. Based on cotton seed hull as the main component, we created eight new substrate formula partly using peanut shell, sawdust, corncob, rape straw, soybean rod, kiwi sticks, mulberry cutting, and sorghum shell as substitute to cultivate Flammulina velutipes Chuanjin 3 for comparison with the normal formula (CK2) presently used in commercial cultivation. The result showed that the yield of the formula No.6 using peanut shell as substitute in part was less than that of CK2, but significantly higher than CK1 mainly using cotton seed hull as compost (33.11%). The conversion of formula No.6 is equivalent to that of CK2. The cultivation benefit of CK1 and CK2 was 729.03% and 115.90%, respectively. It was concluded that using 30% peanut shell replacing cotton seed hull to cultivate Flammulina velutipes could significantly reduce the cost and increase the benefit in Chengdu areas during the fruiting period from late winter to early spring.