核酸适配体在靶向药物传递中的研究进展

抗癌药物的毒副作用限制了其临床应用,纳米药物载体可实现药物在病灶部位的聚集而不影响正常组织,从而降低药物毒副作用.在药物载体表面修饰靶向配体,以提高药物载体主动靶向进入到细胞的能力,可有效地将药物释放到靶细胞,大大提高药效.核酸适配体(aptamer)作为一种新型的靶向分子,近几年已被运用到靶向药物传递的研究中.本文介绍了几种适配体靶向载药体系,如适配体-药物、适配体-脂质体、适配体-聚合物胶束、适配体-聚合物纳米颗粒、适配体-金属颗粒以及适配体-支化聚合物等载药体系,并对当前研究的热点以及存在的问题和不足进行了评述.

Recent Research of Aptamer in Target Drug Delivery

The toxicity of anticancer drug limits its clinical applications, nano drug carriers which accumulate and release drugs at the lesion without affecting the normal tissue, can greatly improve the efficacy and reduced toxicity. Target ligands modified drug carrier can enhance active targeting ability, then release the drug into the target cells effectively. Aptamers are kind of nucleic acid molecules which could recognize and bind specific targets. They can be obtained by SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technology in vitro. Aptamers are widespread recognition, easy to modification and good stability, they are called chemical antibodies. As novel target molecules studied in recent years, aptamers have been used in targeted drug delivery. This review described several aptamer targeted drug delivery systems, such as aptamer-drugs, aptamer-liposomes, aptamer-polymer micelles, aptamer-polymeric nanoparticles, aptamer-metal particles and aptamer-branched polymer drug delivery systems. The existing problems and shortcomings of the research hotspots in the current study were also reviewed.