Investigation of Radical and Cationic Cross‐Linking in High‐Efficiency,Low Band Gap Solar Cell Polymers |
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Authors: | Chin Pang Yau Sarah Wang Neil D Treat Zhuping Fei Bertrand J Tremolet de Villers Michael L Chabinyc Martin Heeney |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK;2. Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA |
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Abstract: | Dithienogermole‐co‐thieno3,4‐c]pyrroledione (DTG‐TPD) polymers incorporating chemically cross‐linkable sidechains are reported and their properties compared to a parent polymer with simple octyl sidechains. Two cross‐linking groups and mechanisms are investigated, UV‐promoted radical cross‐linking of an alkyl bromide cross‐linker and acid‐promoted cationic cross‐linking of an oxetane cross‐linker. It is found that random copolymers with a 20% incorporation of the cross‐linker demonstrate a higher performance in bulk heterojunction solar cells than the parent polymer, while 100% cross‐linker incorporation results in deterioration in device efficiency. The use of 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) as a processing additive improves as‐cast solar cell performance, but is found to have a significant deleterious impact on solar cell efficiency after UV exposure. The instability to UV can be overcome by the use of an alternative additive, 1‐chloronapthalene, which also promotes high device efficiency. Cross‐linking of the polymer is investigated in the presence and absence of fullerene highlighting significant differences in behavior. Intractable films cannot be obtained by radical cross‐linking in the presence of fullerene, whereas cationic cross‐linking is successful. |
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Keywords: | conjugated polymers cross‐linking dithienogermole organic solar cells |
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