Enabling Flexible Polymer Tandem Solar Cells by 3D Ptychographic Imaging |
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Authors: | Henrik F Dam Thomas R Andersen Emil B L Pedersen Karl T S Thydén Martin Helgesen Jon E Carlé Peter S Jørgensen Juliane Reinhardt Roar R Søndergaard Mikkel Jørgensen Eva Bundgaard Frederik C Krebs Jens W Andreasen |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark;2. Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | The realization of a complete tandem polymer solar cell under ambient conditions using only printing and coating methods on a flexible substrate results in a fully scalable process but also requires accurate control during layer formation to succeed. The serial process where the layers are added one after the other by wet processing leaves plenty of room for error and the process development calls for an analytical technique that enables 3D reconstruction of the layer stack with the possibility to probe thickness, density, and chemistry of the individual layers in the stack. The use of ptychography on a complete 12‐layer solar cell stack is presented and it is shown that this technique provides the necessary insight to enable efficient development of inks and processes for the most critical layers in the tandem stack such as the recombination layer where solvent penetration in fully solution processed 12‐layer stacks is critical in eleven of the steps. |
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Keywords: | tandem solar cells multilayer materials flexible materials ptychography |
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