The effect of lead ions on the energy metabolism of human erythrocytes in vitro

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of chronic exposure to lead ions on the parameters of energetic status of human erythrocytes in vitro. Umbilical cord erythrocytes were incubated with lead acetate at final lead ion concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 microg/dl. ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, GTP, GDP, GMP, guanosine, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine, NAD and NADP concentrations in erythrocytes were determined using HPLC. Scanning electron micrographs of erythrocytes were taken. The mean concentrations of ATP, GTP, NAD and NADP, and mean values of adenylate energy charge (AEC) and GEC in cells incubated at the presence of lead ions were significantly lower after 20 h of incubation. Concentrations of purine degradation products (Ado, Guo, Ino) and Hyp were significantly higher. It is suggested that lead ions affect the energy metabolism of erythrocytes. Morphological changes in erythrocytes correspond to the increase of lead ions in the incubation mixture and to the decrease of ATP concentration in erythrocytes. A decrease in NAD and ATP concentration in erythrocytes could be a sensitive indicator of energy process disturbance, useful in monitoring in case of chronic lead exposure.