The Effects of Thermal Disorder on the Solution-Scattering Profiles of Macromolecules

The solution-scattering profiles of macromolecules are significantly affected by the thermal motions of their atoms, especially at wide scattering angles, even when only a single conformational state is significantly populated in solution. Here it is shown that the impact thermal motions have on the molecular component of the solution-scattering profile of a single-state macromolecule can be predicted accurately if the variances and covariances of the thermal excursions of its atoms from their average positions are known.