唇形科益母草等7种植物果实化学成分分析及形态特征

益母草、白花益母草、紫苏、野紫苏、小鱼仙草、石荠苎和细风轮菜系唇形科常见的药用植物。常生于路旁、沟边及空旷草地 ,民间也有广泛栽培。分布于广东、广西、湖南、湖北、云南、贵州、浙江、安徽、福建等省区。益母草、白花益母草民间全草入药 ,有活血调经、去痰生津的功效 ,果实称茺蔚子。用于月经不调 ,产后子宫出血及复位不全等症 [14 ]。野紫苏和紫苏的果实有镇咳、平喘和祛痰的功效 ,用于治疗咳嗽气喘、肠热便秘等症 [3 ] 。小鱼仙草用于治疗感冒头痛 ,胃炎 ,肾积水等症。石荠苎全草入药 ,用于治疗胃炎 ,慢性气管炎和肺积水等症[1] …

Studies on Chemical Constituents and Morphological Characters of the Fruits of Seven Labiatae Plants

The chemical constituents and morphological characters of the fruits of seven Labiatae plants have been studied. The results showed that the contents of fatty oils in the fruits are abundant. The main constituents of unsaturated fatty acids are α-linolenic acid, linolic acid, oleic acid, and arachidonic acid. The main constituents of saturated fatty acids are palmitic acid and stearic acid. Although different kinds of fruit oils have different content of a specific unsaturated fatty acid, the content of total unsaturated fatty acids is more than 90% of fruit oils. The fruits also contain eighteen kinds of amino acids and some mineral elements. Due to high nutritional ingredients, there is potential prospect to explore and utilize them. Their morphological characters were also discussed.