Hippocampal learning,memory, and neurogenesis: Effects of sex and estrogens across the lifespan in adults |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;2. Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;1. Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;2. Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;3. Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20151 Hamburg, Germany;4. Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;5. Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and Cognition”.There are sex differences in hippocampus-dependent cognition and neurogenesis suggesting that sex hormones are involved. Estrogens modulate certain forms of spatial and contextual memory and neurogenesis in the adult female rodent, and to a lesser extent male, hippocampus. This review focuses on the effects of sex and estrogens on hippocampal learning, memory, and neurogenesis in the young and aged adult rodent. We discuss how factors such as the type of estrogen, duration and dose of treatment, timing of treatment, and type of memory influence the effects of estrogens on cognition and neurogenesis. We also address how reproductive experience (pregnancy and mothering) and aging interact with estrogens to modulate hippocampal cognition and neurogenesis in females. Given the evidence that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a role in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation, we also discuss the functional implications of regulating neurogenesis in the hippocampus. |
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