Molecular mechanisms underlying the memory-enhancing effects of estradiol |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;2. Program in Neuroscience, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;1. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States;2. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States;1. Dept. of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, N.Y. 10065;2. Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, 500 Hofstra University, W-227, Hempstead, NY 11549;1. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;2. Neuroscience Program and Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
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| Abstract: | This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”.Since the publication of the 1998 special issue of Hormones and Behavior on estrogens and cognition, substantial progress has been made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms through which 17β-estradiol (E2) regulates hippocampal plasticity and memory. Recent research has demonstrated that rapid effects of E2 on hippocampal cell signaling, epigenetic processes, and local protein synthesis are necessary for E2 to facilitate the consolidation of object recognition and spatial memories in ovariectomized female rodents. These effects appear to be mediated by non-classical actions of the intracellular estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, and possibly by membrane-bound ERs such as the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). New findings also suggest a key role of hippocampally-synthesized E2 in regulating hippocampal memory formation. The present review discusses these findings in detail and suggests avenues for future study. |
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