Maternal high-fat diet programming of the neuroendocrine system and behavior |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA;2. Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA;1. Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil;2. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;3. Graduation in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;4. Biological and Health Sciences Institute; Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil;5. Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;6. Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;1. Department of Surgery Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;2. First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China |
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| Abstract: | This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”.Maternal obesity, metabolic state, and diet during gestation have profound effects on offspring development. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders has risen rapidly in the last several decades in parallel with the rise in obesity rates. Evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that maternal obesity and metabolic complications increase the risk of offspring developing behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and schizophrenia. Animal models show that a maternal diet high in fat similarly disrupts behavioral programming of offspring, with animals showing social impairments, increased anxiety and depressive behaviors, reduced cognitive development, and hyperactivity. Maternal obesity, metabolic conditions, and high fat diet consumption increase maternal leptin, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory cytokines. This leads to increased risk of placental dysfunction, and altered fetal neuroendocrine development. Changes in brain development that likely contribute to the increased risk of behavioral and mental health disorders include increased inflammation in the brain, as well as alterations in the serotonergic system, dopaminergic system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. |
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