生物进化研究的回顾与展望

生物进化是自然科学的永恒之迷。随着历史的发展和科学的进步，生物进化思想从早期的萌芽，到自然选择学说、新达尔文主义，从现代综合理论，到分子进化的中性学说。再到新灾变论和点断平衡论等。当前，由于生物学各分支学科的飞速发展．它们就各自的研究对象在宏观和微观上不断地拓展和深入，并在不同的层次上形成了广泛的交叉、渗透和融合，现代的进化生物学研究从宏观的表型到微观的分子，从群体遗传改变的微进化到成种事件以及地史上生物类群谱系演化的宏进化，从直接的化石证据到基于形态性状、分子证据和环境变迁的综合推理，从基于遗传基础的比较基因组学到演化机理的进化发育生物学等。可以预见，在新的世纪里，在哲学和具体方法论(如系统论、控制论和信息论)的指导下，在生命科学、其他自然科学乃至社会科学工作者的通力合作下，综合遗传、发育和进化等研究领域的各种理论成果，生物进化理论即将出现也一定会出现的一个新的大综合和新的大统一。

REVIEWS AND PROSPECTIVES ON THE STUDIES OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

Evolution is the most charming and ever lasting phenomenon of life and nature. In this paper, we summarized the various evolutionary theories emerged in the history of science: Lamarkism, Darwinism, neo Darwinism, the synthetic theory of evolution, the neutral theory of molecular evolution, neo Catastrophism and the theory of punctuated equilibrium etc. We also briefly discussed the several important branches of biology and life science involved in the current studies of evolutionary biology, focusing on several issues alive and continually debated in the fields of evolutionary studies. Meanwhile, we present our perspectives of evolutionary biology and evolutionary theory in the 21st century: under the direction of philosophy and concrete theories of methods, the big comprehensiveness of evolutionary studies and a new synthesis of evolutionary theories will emerge in the near future as the development of life science and other natural sciences and the union of the ideas of genetics, developmental and evolutionary biology.