植物乙醇提取物对蔬菜蚜虫和蚜茧蜂的影响

用药膜法测定8种常见植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、瓜蚜(Aphis gossypii)和萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)的忌避和控制作用，以及时蚜虫重要天敌--菜蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis)和菜少脉蚜茧蜂(Diaeretiella rapae)存活的影响．结果表明，供试的8种植物乙醇提取物对3种蚜虫都有一定的忌避作用，其中效果最好的是白花非洲山毛豆(Tephrosia vogelli)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)，对桃蚜、瓜蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分另达0、414、0．729、0．547和0、549、0．690、0．729；除黄素馨(Jasminum mesuyi)和草胡椒(Peperomia pellucida)外，其余6种植物乙醇提取物对桃蚜、瓜蚜、萝卜蚜都有较好的控制作用，其中山毛豆、樟树对蚜虫的控制效果最佳，鸡矢藤(Paederia scandena)和芒箕(Dicranopteris dichotoma)仅次于前2种植物，白兰花(Michelia alba)对瓜蚜和萝卜蚜也有较好的控制作用；鱼藤精稀释1000倍对萝卜蚜效果很好，对桃蚜控制作用较差．8种提取物中，山毛豆对蚜茧蜂有较强的毒性，4h死亡率达63．33％，仅次于鱼藤酮精稀释100倍(4h的死亡率达80％)，而樟树、羊蹄甲(Bauhinia variegata)、黄素馨、白兰花和草胡椒的乙醇提取物与对照没有差异，对蚜茧蜂安全、无毒．

Effect of plant alcohol extracts on vegetable aphids and their parasitoids

The repelling and controlling effect of alcohol extracts from 8 common plant species on 3 major vegetable aphids ( Myzus persicae,Aphis gossypii and Lipaphis erysimi ) were studied in the laboratory, and the effect on their parasitoid was also studied. The results showed that the test 8 plant species had some effects on 3 aphids. The plant alcohol extracts from Tephrosia vogelli and Cinnamomum camphora had the most effect. The deterrent rate on Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Lipaphis erysimi was 0.414, 0.729, 0.547 and 0.549, 0.690, 0.729, respectively. These 2 plants had the most controlling effect on 3 aphids, too. The alcohol extract of Cinnamomum camphora was safely for parasitoids ( Aphidius gifuensis and Diaeretiella rapae ).