Melanins and melanogenesis: methods,standards, protocols |
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| Authors: | Marco d'Ischia Kazumasa Wakamatsu Alessandra Napolitano Stefania Briganti José‐Carlos Garcia‐Borron Daniela Kovacs Paul Meredith Alessandro Pezzella Mauro Picardo Tadeusz Sarna John D. Simon Shosuke Ito |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, , Naples, Italy;2. Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, , Toyoake, Aichi, Japan;3. Cutaneous Physiopathology Laboratory, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, , Rome, Italy;4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, , Murcia, Spain;5. Center for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, , Brisbane, Qld, Australia;6. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, , Krakow, Poland;7. Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, , Charlottesville, VA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Despite considerable advances in the past decade, melanin research still suffers from the lack of universally accepted and shared nomenclature, methodologies, and structural models. This paper stems from the joint efforts of chemists, biochemists, physicists, biologists, and physicians with recognized and consolidated expertise in the field of melanins and melanogenesis, who critically reviewed and experimentally revisited methods, standards, and protocols to provide for the first time a consensus set of recommended procedures to be adopted and shared by researchers involved in pigment cell research. The aim of the paper was to define an unprecedented frame of reference built on cutting‐edge knowledge and state‐of‐the‐art methodology, to enable reliable comparison of results among laboratories and new progress in the field based on standardized methods and shared information. |
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| Keywords: | melanin analysis melanin synthesis melanin isolation melanin spectral characterization melanogenesis enzymes method standardization |
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