Babesia bovis: A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of plastid-encoded genes supports green algal origin of apicoplasts |
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Authors: | Audrey OT Lau Terry F McElwain Donald P Knowles Eric H Roalson |
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Institution: | a Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA b Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA c School of Biological Sciences and Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA |
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Abstract: | Apicomplexan parasites commonly contain a unique, non-photosynthetic plastid-like organelle termed the apicoplast. Previous analyses of other plastid-containing organisms suggest that apicoplasts were derived from a red algal ancestor. In this report, we present an extensive phylogenetic study of apicoplast origins using multiple previously reported apicoplast sequences as well as several sequences recently reported. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences was used to determine the evolutionary origin of the organelle. A total of nine plastid genes from 37 species were incorporated in our study. The data strongly support a green algal origin for apicoplasts and Euglenozoan plastids. Further, the nearest green algae lineage to the Apicomplexans is the parasite Helicosporidium, suggesting that apicoplasts may have originated by lateral transfer from green algal parasite lineages. The results also substantiate earlier findings that plastids found in Heterokonts such as Odontella and Thalassiosira were derived from a separate secondary endosymbiotic event likely originating from a red algal lineage. |
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Keywords: | Apicoplasts Apicomplexans Bayesian inference Euglenozoa Red and green algae |
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