Intercellular exchange of proteins: The immune cell habit of sharing |
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Authors: | Oded Rechavi Yoel Kloog |
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Institution: | a Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel b Immunology Program, Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel |
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Abstract: | The recent recognition of new types of cell-cell communication pathways challenges classic theories of cell autonomy. Evidence of functional “proteome mixing” among interacting cells, particularly immune cells, supports the notion that no cell is an island, and that even these “unsplittable” units are actually non-autonomous. We summarize various mechanisms of intercellular transfer of proteins—trans-endocytosis, trogocytosis, exosomal transport, shuttle through nanotubes, and cell-contact-dependent intercellular transfer of intracellular proteins including oncogenic Ras. These phenomena suggest exciting new possibilities for proteome research, focusing on system-level proteomics that characterize cell contents and functions in the context of intercellular protein transfer. |
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Keywords: | APC antigen-presenting cell GFP green fluorescent protein IS immunological synapse MHC major histocompatibility complex NECD Notch extracellular domain NICD Notch intracellular domain NK natural killer PM plasma membrane RasGAP RasGTPase-activating protein TCR T-cell antigen receptor |
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