GC1代换系与小麦杂交减数分裂行为的研究

用来自拟斯卑尔脱山羊草（Ae.speltoides）的杀配子染色体2S(GC基因)，诱导普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）“宁农”、普通小麦—黑麦（Secale cereale L.）二体代换系（5R/5A）的染色体断裂，观察杂种F₁的减数分裂行为，在减数分裂中期I和中期II均出现较高频率的单价体、多价体，后期I和后期II出现大量的落后染色体、染色体断片和桥等异常现象，在二分孢子和四分孢子中出现较多的微核。在本实验中，GC1代换系与5R/5A代换系杂交F₁代减数分裂行为比GC1代换系与普通小麦“宁农”杂交F₁代减数分裂行为复杂，经统计学分析，含杀配子染色体的代换系间杂交比单一的杀配子染色体作用对单价体、多价体、微核的产生具有显著差异。因此，利用带有杀配子染色体的代换系间杂交来诱导染色体易位是一条有效的途径。

Study on Meiosis Comparison of Pollen Grain of F1 Hybrided by Gametocidal Substitution Lines and Wheat

The study uses the gametocidal chromosome 2S derived from Ae.speltoides, inducing chromosonie breaks in Triticum aestivum ningnong and 5R/5A wheat-rye substitution lines.Observation of the meiosis of the hybrid F₁,in metaphaseⅠand Ⅱ,there are appearing the high-frequency of univalents and multivalents;in anaphaseⅠand Ⅱ,there are forming many chromosomal abnormalities such as a large number of lagging chromosomes,chromosomal fragments and chromosomal bridges;in dispores and tetraspores,there exist micronucleus.In this experiment, the meiosis behavior of GCl substitution lines hybrid with 5R/5A subtitution lines is more complex than of ningnong F₁ hybrid. Through statistical analysis, the dual function on meiosis behavior,which is the hybrid between the gametocidal substitution lines and the 5R/5A substitution lines,is more markable than the sole gametocidal substitution lines function.Therefor，the use of the dual function on inducing chromosome translocation is an effective way.