食物质量差异对树麻雀能量预算和消化道形态特征的影响

为比较小型鸟类对不同食物的能量预算策略，本文对3组树麻雀(Passer monanus)进行2周的食物质量差异性驯化(Acclimation)。结果表明，相同和较低的生存压力下，树麻雀体重、体温、体脂含量和水分含量表现出显著的组间差异。高能食物组摄入能和可消化能增加极显著，消化率和同化率增加不显著，体内能量储备增加；低能食物组摄入能、可消化能、消化率和同化率降低极显著，体内能量储备消耗极显著。小肠和总消化道长度以及肝脏重量出现极显著的表型可塑性响应。体内能量储备增减的预算，能量摄入和能量转化器官的功能能力与自身能耗之间的预算，以及摄食低能食物时的节能预算都是树麻雀能量预算策略的重要组成部分。总之，树麻雀对不同含能食物采用不同的能量预算策略，器官水平的表型可塑性(phenotypic plasticity)响应是个体能值出现显著变化的基础，也是个体能量预算策略成功的关键。对不同食物采用不同的能量预算策略是树麻雀重要的生存对策。

The influence of different food qualities on the energy budget and digestive tract morphology of Tree Sparrows passer montanus

For the purpose of comparing and contrasting the energy budget strategies of small birds with different food, this essay discusses a two-week acclimation experiment with different food qualities to three groups of passer montanus. The results show that under similar and even lower living pressure, remarkable differences are revealed in terms of the body weight, temperature, percentage of body fat and water content. There is a high increase in ingestion energy and digestible energy for the group with energy dense foods, but no marked increase in digestibility and assimilation ratio. And the energy reserves in the body grow. While the group with low-energy foods shows marked decrease in ingestion energy, digestible energy, digestibility, assimilation ratio and the energy reserves in the body. Remarkable phenotypic plasticity reactions appear in small intestine, alimentary tract and the liver weight. The budget of the variation of body energy reserves, the budget of the energy intake, the functional capability of energy-converting organs and the energy consumption and the energy-saving budget in taking low-energy foods are important parts of the energy budget strategies for passer montanus. In all, passer montanus adopt different energy budget strategies towards foods of different energy and the phenotypic plasticity reactions of the organs serve as the basis of remarkable changes in the individual energy value and also the key to the success of individual energy budget strategies. To adopt different energy budget strategies towards different foods is an important survival game for the passer montanus.