重庆大豆地方资源多样性评价及群体表型特点研究

对收集于重庆市的103份大豆地方品种进行了表型遗传多样性分析，并利用主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行了群体表型特点的研究，研究结果表明，重庆地区大豆地方种质资源以灰色茸毛、黄粒、褐色脐居多，个体之间数量性状上存在较大变异。主成分分析以3个主成分反映了10个农艺性状的大部分信息，将主要农艺性状归纳成产量因子、生长势因子及籽粒因子。聚类分析将103份地方种质资源聚为6个类群, 同一地区的大部分地方品种表现较为相似，少部分地方品种差异大，品种类群间的表型分化与地理分布既有一定的联系又不绝对相关。利用这些种质选配育种亲本应关注各类群间性状差异作选择，而不能仅关注地理来源选择。

A Study of Genetic Diversity and Population Morphological Characteristics of Soybean Landraces in Chongqing

The morphological genetic diversity and population phenotypic characteristics were evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis among 103 soybean landraces collected from Chongqing. The results showed that gray pubescence, yellow seed coat and brown hilum were detected in the majority of the tested soybean accessions, and larger variation in quantitative traits were shown among individual accession. Three main principal components reflected most information over 10 agronomic traits, and the main agronomic traits of soybean landraces could be summarized as yield factors, growth potential factors and grain factors. Cluster analysis divided the 103 soybean landrace into 6 subgroups. Although a few accessions showed distinct differentiation, germplasms collected from the same district showed widely similarity in morphological characteristics. Genotypic differentiation among soybean subgroups had a certain but not absolute correlation with geographic distribution. In addition to utilizing geographical-distant germplasms, exploiting the potentialities of genetic variation of characters within the landraces should be considered in selection of parents of breeding.