Genome and proteome characterization of the psychrophilic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacterium</Emphasis> bacteriophage 11b |
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Authors: | Michael Borriss Thierry Lombardot Frank Oliver Glöckner Dörte Becher Dirk Albrecht Thomas Schweder |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W.-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;(2) Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsius-Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany;(3) Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, F.-L.-Jahn-Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;(4) Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, F.-L.-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany |
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Abstract: | Virion DNA of bacteriophage 11b (Φ11b), which infects a psychrophilic Flavobacterium isolate from Arctic sea-ice, was determined to consist of 36,012 bp. With 30.6% its GC content corresponds to that of host-genus
species and is the lowest of all phages of Gram-negative bacteria sequenced so far. Similarities of several of 65 predicted
ORFs, genome organization and phylogeny suggest an affiliation to ‘mesophilic’ nonmarine siphoviruses, e.g. to bacteriophages
SPP1 and HK97. Early genes presumably encode an essential recombination factor (ERF), a single strand binding (SSB) protein,
an endonuclease, and a DNA methylase. The late gene segment is likely to contain a terminase, portal, minor head, protease
and a major capsid gene. Five ORFs exhibited similarities to Bacteroidetes species and seem to reflect the host specificity of the phage. Among PAGE-separated virion proteins that were identified
by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry are the portal, the major capsid, and a putative conserved tail protein. The Φ11b genome is
the first to be described of a cultivated virus infecting a psychrophilic host as well as a Bacteroidetes bacterium.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at . |
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Keywords: | Psychrophilic Flavobacterium bacteriophage Φ 11b Genomics Proteome Low GC |
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