福建省生态保护重要性评价

生态保护重要性是表征区域生态系统结构和功能重要性程度的综合指标，确定生态保护空间范围是协调保护与发展、保障生态服务持续供给的基础。在明确福建省生态本底和关键生态问题的基础上，综合分析生态服务功能重要性和生态敏感性，构建福建省生态保护重要性评价指标体系，识别具有重要保护意义的生态极重要地区，能够为优化生态保护策略、划定生态红线和主体功能区划提供技术支持。研究结果表明，福建省生态保护极重要区占福建省陆地总面积的38.94%,生态重要性空间格局基本沿福建省闽西大山带、闽中大山带与海岸带分布，其中生态服务功能极重要区面积为3.96万km~2,以生物多样性维护功能和水源涵养功能为主；生态极敏感性区面积占福建省陆地总面积的9.71%,水土流失是主要的生态问题，占福建省陆地总面积的8.93%,土地沙化极敏感区集中在海岸带附近，与海岸侵蚀极敏感区空间范围基本一致。研究建议，生态保护极重要区作为划定生态红线和重点生态功能区的依据，支撑福建省开展有针对性的生态保护，保障和维护生态安全。

Evaluation of ecological conservation importance of Fujian Province

The importance of ecological conservation is a comprehensive index that characterizes the structure and function of regional ecosystem.Determining the scope of an important ecological space is the basis for coordinating conservation and development, and ensuring sustainable supply of ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of natural environmental characteristics and the key ecological problems in Fujian Province, an evaluation index system of ecological conservation importance is constructed by comprehensively considering ecosystem service and ecological sensitivity in this study. Thus, the importance of ecological conservation can be assessed. The research can provide effective information for ecological protection and demarcation of ecological red line as well as ecological functional regions. The results show that the extremely important area of ecological conservation in Fujian Province accounts for 38.94% of the total study area. The ecological pattern is basically distributed along the Great Mountain range in western as well as central Fujian and coastal zone. Moreover, the area of extremely important ecological service functions is 39,600 km², mainly for biodiversity maintaining functions and water conservation functions. The area of extremely sensitive region makes up 9.71% of the total land area in Fujian Province where soil erosion is the main ecological problem accounting 8.93% of total area. In addition, the extremely sensitive areas of land desertification and costal erosion are concentrated near the coastal zone. The evaluation methods of the paper are expected to provide a theoretical basis to carry out ecological protection and achieve sustainable development in Fujian Province. The results suggest that the extremely important areas act as the basis for delineation of ecological protection red line and major functional ecological zones which should be protected strictly to maintain ecological security.