赭曲霉毒素A的产生、毒性机制与生物合成研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)是曲霉属和青霉属等真菌的次生代谢物，广泛污染谷物、葡萄、坚果等农产品和饲料，造成严重的经济损失。此外，OTA的肝肾毒性和三致作用(致畸、致癌、致突变)已经得到越来越多的数据支撑，证实其对人类健康存在巨大威胁。OTA及其衍生物的理化性质已经有较为全面的研究，但是其合成过程及调控机理尚不明确。本文整理了赭曲霉毒素A的理化性质及产毒菌株，总结了OTA污染及致病情况的最新研究进展和各国的限量标准，最后分析了OTA的合成机制，讨论了未来OTA理论及应用层面的研究方向，为赭曲霉毒素A的风险评估提供数据支持，同时为OTA生物合成和调控机制提供理论参考。

Production, toxicity and biosynthesis of ochratoxin A: a review

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, which contaminated a variety of agricultural products and feeds such as grain, grapes, and nuts, causing serious economic losses. Moreover, increasing studies have demonstrated the liver and kidney toxicity as well as the teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenesis of OTA, which poses a huge threat to human health. Although OTA and its derivatives have been studied comprehensively in terms of physicochemical properties, the synthesis process and regulatory mechanism of them remain unclear. This paper introduced the physicochemical properties and toxin-producing strains of OTA, reviewed the latest research progress in OTA contamination and pathogenic conditions, summarized the limit standards of different countries, expounded the synthesis mechanism of OTA, and finally discussed the future research directions. With this paper, we hope to provide data support for the risk assessment of OTA and provide theoretical reference for the research on the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of OTA.