Characterization of the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Penicillium chrysogenum</Emphasis> antifungal protein PAF |
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Authors: | Lydia?Kaiserer Christoph?Oberparleiter Renate?Weiler-G?rz Wolfgang?Burgstaller Eva?Leiter Email author" target="_blank">Florentine?MarxEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;(2) Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;(3) Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 63, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary |
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Abstract: | The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum abundantly secretes the small, highly basic and cysteine-rich protein PAF (Penicillium antifungal protein). In this study, the antifungal activity of PAF is described. PAF inhibited the growth of a variety of filamentous fungi, including opportunistic human pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi, whereas bacterial and yeast cells were unaffected. PAF reduced the conidial germination and hyphal extension rates in a dose-dependent manner and induced severe changes in cell morphology that resulted in crippled and distorted hyphae and atypical branching. Growth-affected hyphae suffered from oxidative stress, plasma membrane leakage, and metabolic inactivity, which points to an induction of multifactorial effects in sensitive fungi. In contrast to other known antifungal proteins, the effects of PAF were only partially antagonized by cations. |
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Keywords: | Antifungal activity Penicillium chrysogenum Morphology Membrane leakage Oxidative stress |
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