基于线粒体Cty b基因的西藏马鹿种群遗传多样性研究

西藏马鹿(Cervus elaphus wallichi) 为我国特有物种，仅分布在西藏东南部的桑日县，目前关于西藏马鹿的研究报道很少。因此，深入了解西藏马鹿各地理单元内种群的遗传变异，可以为我们制定保护管理策略提供依据，进而使其种群得到有效的保护和管理。本文对54个不同西藏马鹿个体（来自3个不同地点）的线粒体DNA Cty b基因进行了测定和群体分析，获得了731bp的片断，并检测到24个变异位点，占分析长度的3.28%，且这24个变异位点皆为碱基置换，并未出现碱基插入或缺失的现象，并定义了14种单倍型，核苷酸多样性平均值为0.02781，种群总体遗传多样性较高。从Tajima′s D和Fu and Li′s D值的估算结果来看， 这3个马鹿种群相对于中性进化的歧异度并没有明显的偏离(P>0.1)，没有明显的证据显示这3个西藏马鹿种群间存在很强的平衡选择。分子变异分析表明3个群间基因流(5.36>Nm>1.87)均大于1，说明这3个马鹿种群间存在着丰富的基因流，并建议将三个地区的西藏马鹿作为一个管理单元进行保护和管理。

Population genetic diversity in Tibet red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichi) revealed by mitochondrial Cty b gene analysis

The Tibet red deer,Cervus elaphus wallichi,is a middling and primitive living member of the Cervidae family.Tibet red deer were once wildly distributed in Tibet,Sikkim,Nepal and Bhutan.However,in the last century their range and number was drastically reduced because of overhunting.In 1992,the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) announced that Tibet red deer in the wild had become extinct.Subsequently,there were very few reports of Tibet red deer in the wild.In July 2005,we investigated the distribution of Tibet red d...