Effects of cadmium and uranium on some in vitro renal targets |
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Authors: | L'Azou B Henge-Napoli M H Minaro L Mirto H Barrouillet M P Cambar J |
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Institution: | Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Victor-Ségalen, Bordeaux, France. Beatrice.lazou@biocell-geppr.u-bordeaux2.fr |
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Abstract: | Metals are major pollutants not only in occupational settings but also in the general environment. Chronic exposure of workers
has been related to severe damage, especially at the renal level. While toxic compounds such as metals are well known to severely
impair tubular functions, it is clear that nephrotoxicants can act on various other renal targets, i.e., vascular and glomerular
ones.In vitro models are available to assess these toxicities and can be used to better understand the different cell targets. This paper
summarizes data obtained in our laboratory after exposure of isolated renal structures such as glomeruli, and cell cultures
such as glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells, to cadmium and uranium. Morphometric studies by image analysis
of isolated glomeruli and mesangial cultured cells showed that cadmium and uranium induced a dose- and time-dependent glomerular
contraction accompanied by disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Classical viability tests demonstrated various factors influencing
the metal toxicity. The important roles of pH, extracellular protein concentrations and the nature of the anion accompanying
the metal were demonstrated. These data obtained inin vitro models provide better understanding of the cytotoxicity after metal uptake and accumulation in glomerular and tubular cells.
Moreover, the glomerular and tubular cytotoxicity they induce may be correlated with severe renal hemodynamic changes in vivo. Finally, we briefly present eventual improvements forin vitro renal models by the use of new cell models such as immortalized human cell lines or by the introduction of porous supports
and perifusion devices.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | cadmium cytotoxicity environmental factors in vitro models uranium |
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