基于改进生态绿当量的城市绿色空间要素配置优化——以北京市中心城区为例

生态文明背景下的新型城镇化建设着重强调生态、高效的内涵式发展来实现经济-社会-生态效益的综合增长。以北京市中心城区为研究对象,基于改进生态绿当量进行现状绿色空间的量化评价,采用线性规划模型进行生态系统服务最大化目标下的要素结构调整,为各区域提供可行的实施建议。结果表明：(1)研究区内除西城区和石景山区满足生态绿当量要求外,其他区域均不满足。(2)采用线性规划模型进行优化调整后,东城区的生态绿当量满足要求,生态系统服务水平提高了4.23%;朝阳区、丰台区和海淀区生态绿当量分别提高到了0.77、0.73、0.90,生态系统服务水平分别提高了6.79%、10.49%和5.76%。(3)朝阳、海淀、丰台等区域优先完善自然山水要素,加强西部浅山区绿化、增补温榆河、永定河、清河、南沙河等滨河绿色空间,大力推进两道绿化隔离带增量提质建设;东城区着重改善大面积斑块形成生态源地。研究探究了高密度建设的中心城区绿色空间配置的量化方法和优化路径,为北京市中心城区高质量发展提供了科学参考。

Optimization of urban green space element allocation based on the improved ecological green equivalent: Taking the downtown area of Beijing for example

Under the background of ecological civilization, the construction of new-type urbanization emphasizes the ecological and efficient convolution development to realize the comprehensive growth of economic, social and ecological benefits. Taking the central urban area of Beijing as the research object, the quantitative evaluation of the current green space elements was carried out based on the improved ecological green equivalent. The linear programming model was used to adjust the factor structure under the objective of maximizing ecosystem services, and feasible implementation suggestions were provided for each region. The results showed that:(1) except for Xicheng District and Shijingshan District, the other regions did not meet the requirements of ecological green equivalent. (2) After optimizing and adjusting the linear programming model, the eco-green equivalent of Dongcheng District met the requirements, and the ecosystem service level increased by 4.23%. The ecological green equivalent in Chaoyang, Fengtai and Haidian districts increased to 0.77, 0.73 and 0.90, respectively, and the ecosystem services level increased by 6.79%, 10.49% and 5.76%, respectively. (3) Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and other areas should give priority to the improvement of natural landscape elements, strengthen the afforestation of shallow mountainous areas in the west, supplement the riverside green space of Wenyu River, Yongding River, Qinghe River and Nansha River, and vigorously promote the incremental quality improvement of the two green isolation belts; Dongcheng District focused on improving the ecological source area formed by large patches. The methods and paths of quantification and optimization of ecosystem services in high-density construction of central urban area were explored, which provided the scientific reference for high-quality development of central urban area in Beijing.