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“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”耦合框架、模型与展望
引用本文:萨娜,赵金羽,寇旭阳,郑拴宁,陆兆华,付晓,何霄嘉,吴钢,桑卫国. “山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”耦合框架、模型与展望[J]. 生态学报, 2023, 43(11): 4333-4343
作者姓名:萨娜  赵金羽  寇旭阳  郑拴宁  陆兆华  付晓  何霄嘉  吴钢  桑卫国
作者单位:中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081;青岛农业大学园林与林学院, 青岛 266109;中国科学院城市环境研究所 城市环境与健康重点实验室, 厦门 361021;中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院, 北京 100083;中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;中国21世纪议程管理中心, 北京 100038
基金项目:国家重点研究与发展规划项目(2022YFF1303202);国家高层次青年人才计划项目
摘    要:“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”系统保护与修复是我国生态文明建设的重要内容。明确生命共同体的耦合机制,是科学地进行生态保护和修复工作的关键。针对当前生命共同体耦合机制不清、理论和方法不健全的问题,从耦合的视角出发,在小流域尺度上单一生态系统内部生态要素的耦合、流域尺度上不同生态系统之间的耦合、区域尺度上人与自然的耦合三个方面进行整合,在此基础上探讨了多尺度山水林田湖草沙耦合理论,提出了一般性的山水林田湖草沙耦合理论框架。梳理并比较了当前主要的生态系统模型、景观模型、统计学模型以及复合生态系统的多模型耦合方法,综合提出了一个适用于"山水林田湖草沙生命共同体"耦合研究方法。对进一步完善山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复提出了建议,包括:一是构建多源信息数据库,推进定量化耦合机制研究;二是开展全生命周期监测与评估,探索适应性治理路径;三是强化多元主体参与,完善协同保护机制。

关 键 词:山水林田湖草沙  复合生态系统  耦合模型  生态保护与修复
收稿时间:2023-01-15
修稿时间:2023-06-02

Coupling mountains-waters-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandlands life community: framework, models and prospect
SA N,ZHAO Jinyu,KOU Xuyang,ZHENG Shuanning,LU Zhaohu,FU Xiao,HE Xiaoji,WU Gang,SANG Weiguo. Coupling mountains-waters-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandlands life community: framework, models and prospect[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2023, 43(11): 4333-4343
Authors:SA N  ZHAO Jinyu  KOU Xuyang  ZHENG Shuanning  LU Zhaohu  FU Xiao  HE Xiaoji  WU Gang  SANG Weiguo
Affiliation:College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;School of Landscape Architecture and Forest, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China;Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;The Administrative Center for China''s Agenda 21, Beijing 100038, China
Abstract:The Systematic protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems (mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandlands life community) is an important content of China''s ecological civilization construction. To carry out ecological protection and restoration in a scientific manner, it is crucial to clarify the coupling mechanism of life community. However, current issues such as unclear coupling mechanisms, unsound theories, and insufficient methods are still very prominent and need to be addressed as soon as possible, which is not only unfavorable to the development of coupling related theories, but also hinder the effectiveness of overall protection and restoration practice. In order to solve the above problems, this paper summarizes the existing research from three aspects:coupling of ecological elements in a single ecosystem on the small watershed scale, coupling between different ecosystems on the watershed scale, and coupling between human and nature on the regional scale. Based on the coupling theory, we proposed a general coupling framework and preliminarily discussed the multiscale complex ecosystem coupling theory. We also suggested a coupling research approach of the full-array ecosystems by sorting out and comparing existing models such as ecosystem models, landscape models, statistical models, and multi-model coupling approaches for complex ecosystems. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the integrated protection and restoration of the mountains-waters-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandlands system. Firstly, construct multi-source information database based on observation data of natural ecosystem, remote sensing data, model simulation data and statistical data of social and economic system, to promote quantitative research of coupling mechanism. Secondly, carry out whole-life cycle monitoring and assessment, and explore adaptive governance paths. In addition, the network analysis method has great application potential, which is expected to reveal the network structure and change rules behind the mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grass and sandland system, and promote the adaptive governance of complex ecosystems. Thirdly, strengthen the participation of multiple subjects and improve the collaborative protection mechanism. Integrated conservation and restoration not only means that mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand are regarded as an organic whole in theoretical research, but also requires that the main bodies involved in conservation and restoration work, such as government departments, social organizations, scientific research institutions and enterprises, form a synergic working mechanism. In particular, the participation of the stakeholders in the whole process of ecological protection and restoration should be ensured. Under the guidance of a unified action framework, all parties should carry out integrated protection and restoration of various ecological elements. It is expected to help the relevant decision-makers clarify the coupling relationship between the elements and systems, enhance the scientific and effectiveness of governance, and promote the sustainable development of our country''s society and environment.
Keywords:mountains-waters-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandlands system  complex ecosystem  coupled models  ecological protection and restoration
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