植食性昆虫寄主植物嗅觉搜寻述介

植食性昆虫与寄主植物关系的本质是化学。植食性昆虫搜寻寄主的嗅觉媒介是植物气味即化学信息物质。在介绍植物气味构成及其扩散模型基础上,阐述了植物气味在地上植食性昆虫成虫、幼虫和地下植食性昆虫搜寻寄主过程中的嗅觉导向作用,并指出了今后相关研究需要注意的问题。从植物与环境因子的关系来看,植物气味包括构成性气味和诱发性气味两类,这两类气味的概念既相联系而又不同。构成性气味组分及构成因植物分类地位等而不同。诱发性气味组分因植食性昆虫取食、植物病原微生物、机械致伤等因子的胁迫而变化,这种变化性状随植物属和/或种、植株生长发育阶段、胁迫因子性质及其作用方式而不同。无论是哪种植物气味,其释放均具有节律性。气味扩散过程比较复杂,扩散状态可用数学模型表征。对于地上植食性昆虫成虫,植物气味对其寄主搜寻行为具有导向特异性,重点分析了这种特异性形成的两个假说;鳞翅目昆虫幼虫,能够利用植物化学信息物质趋向寄主植物或回避非寄主植物;地下植食性昆虫搜寻寄主,既与寄主植物地下组织释放或分泌的次级代谢物有关,又与一些初级代谢物有关。初级代谢物中的CO₂,起着“搜寻触发器”作用。有助于增强人们对昆虫与植...

An introduction to phytophagous insect searching for host-plants through olfaction

The intrinsic nature of the relationship between herbivorous insects and host plants is chemical. Plant odors, usually called chemical information, mediate the process by which herbivorous insects search for hosts. Based on the introduction of plant odors and the diffusion model, this paper summarized the olfactory orientation function of plant odors in host-seeking behavior of aboveground adults and larvae as well as belowground herbivorous insects, and we established some problems that should be given attention in the future research about the relationship between herbivorous insects and host plants. From the point of view of the relationship between plants and environmental factors, the plant odors contain constitutive and inducible odors, and we establish their correlations and differences based on the relevant concepts. The components of constitutive odors vary with plant taxonomic status. The components of inducible odors vary with the stress of herbivore infestation, phytopathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical injury. These changes differ with the plant genus and species, plant developmental stage, and the nature and mode of action of the stress factors. All plant odors showed rhythm in their release. The process of odor diffusion is complex, and the state of diffusion can be characterized by mathematical models. Plant odors have a guiding specificity for the host-seeking behavior of adults of aboveground phytophagous insect. This paper focuses on two hypotheses for the development of this specificity. Lepidopteran larvae can use phytochemical information materials to approach host plants or avoid non-host plants. The search of belowground herbivorous insects for hosts is not only related to the secondary metabolites released or secreted by the underground tissues of host plants, but also to some primary metabolites. CO₂ in the primary metabolites plays the role of "search trigger". This work may contribute to a better understanding of the chemical relationship between insects and plants and also provide references for regulating host selection behavior in herbivorous insects which seek hosts through plant odor.