Care of young and the effect of the presence of a male on parental behavior in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in captivity

Care of the young by male and female common voles reared by both parents (complete families) or by females only (incomplete families) has been studied. It has emerged that the absence of an adult male in the common vole family groups, reducing the care of young (first and foremost, tactile stimulation), negatively influences their pair bonds and the subsequent parental behavior of the male offspring.