1. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, China;2. Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan;3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan;4. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan;5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam;6. Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan;7. Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Japan;8. Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Japan;9. 10-80 Division, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam;10. Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
Abstract:
Background & objectivesAn assessment of transition of cancer in India during the past 30 years, according to changes in demographic and epidemiologic risk factors was undertaken.Materials & methodsCancer registry data (http://www.ncdirindia.org), (population coverage <10%), was compared with transition in life-expectancy and prevalence on smoking, alcohol and obesity. We fitted linear regression to the natural logarithm of the estimated incidence rates of various cancer registries in India.ResultsBurden of cancer in India increased from 0.6 million in 1991 to 1.4 million in 2015. Among males, common cancers are lung (12.0%), mouth (11.4%), prostate (7.0%), and tongue (7.0%) and among females, they are breast (21.0%), cervix-uteri (12.1%), ovary (6.9%), and lung (4.9%) in 2012. Increased life-expectancy and population growth as well as increased use of alcohol and increased prevalence of overweight/obesity reflected an increase in all cancers in both genders except a reduction in infection-related cancers such as cervix-uteri and tobacco-related cancers such as pharynx (excludes nasopharynx) and oesophagus.Interpretation & conclusionTransition in demographics and epidemiologic risk factors, reflected an increase in all cancers in both genders except a reduction in a few cancers. The increasing incidence of cancer and its associated factors demands a planned approach to reduce its burden. The burden assessment needs to be strengthened by increasing the population coverage of cancer registries. Continued effort for tobacco prevention and public health efforts for reducing obesity and alcohol consumption are needed to reduce the cancer burden.
