The burden of cervical cancer in Vietnam: Synthesis of the evidence |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, the University of New South Wales, Australia;2. Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Australia;3. School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Viet Nam;5. Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam;6. Centre for Vaccine Innovation and Technology, PATH, Seattle, USA;7. Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA;1. Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 4115 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33617, United States;2. Moffitt Cancer Center, Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States;3. Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States;4. Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States;5. University of South Florida, Department of Family Medicine, 13330 USF Laurel Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States;6. University of South Florida, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States;8. University of Florida, Department of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32608, United States;9. University of Florida Health, Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, 2004 Mowry Road, Ste 2245, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States;10. University of Florida Health, Cancer Population Sciences, 2004 Mowry Road, Ste 2245, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States;1. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA;2. Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, TX, USA;3. Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA;1. Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;3. Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China;7. Department of Oral Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China;8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu key lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China;9. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China;10. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;11. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;12. Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;13. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Liaoning, China;14. Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, China;15. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan;p. Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA;q. Department of Epidemiology and Center for Environmental Genomics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA;r. National Office of Cancer Prevention & Control Cancer Institute & Hospital, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Nice, INSERM U1065/C3M, Nice, France;2. Department of Hormonology and Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France;3. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France;4. Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France;1. Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia;2. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia;3. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia;4. Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia;5. School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;6. Cancer Voices NSW, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | There is currently no national cervical screening or HPV immunization program in Vietnam. This study aims to synthesize available data on the burden of disease and to project the burden of cervical cancer to 2049 if no major interventions are implemented. We reviewed published data sources on risk factors for HPV prevalence, high-grade lesions, cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Vietnam from 1990 to 2017. We then used the available data to project the number of new cervical cancer cases for the period 2013–2049. Data on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Vietnam are limited; two Vietnamese cancer registries have been reported on by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which cover urban populations representing ∼20% of the national population. The reported age-standardized cervical cancer incidence in Hanoi was 6.7 (1993–1997), compared to 28.8 and 14.1 per 100,000 women in Ho Chi Minh City (1995–1998 and 2009–2012, respectively). Cancer mortality data are not uniformly available from cancer registries or mortality surveys in Vietnam because cause of death has not been routinely ascertained. Based on available urban population registry data, estimated rates in the rural population, and forward projection of existing trends, we estimate that without any further intervention, the number of new cases will increase from 6930 (range 5671–8493) in 2012 to 8562 (range 5775–12,762) in 2049, giving a total of 379,617 (range 276,879–542,941) new cases over the period 2013–2049. These findings help underpin the case for the delivery of HPV vaccination and cervical screening in Vietnam, and support similar initiatives in other low- and middle-income countries. |
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| Keywords: | Cervical cancer Vietnam Burden of disease HPV prevalence |
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