低压环境中植物的生长特性及适应机理研究进展

在低压受控生态生命保障系统中, 植物是关键的生物部件。在低压环境中, 植物会面临与常压不同的总大气压力(总压)、O₂分压和CO₂分压等大气环境条件。虽然植物在一定的低压环境中能完成完整的生长周期(从种子到种子), 但为了适应新的大气环境条件, 其生理生态特性均会发生改变。该文综述了低压对植物种子萌发、植株形态结构、生长特性、根系养分吸收、植株营养品质、叶片气体交换和乙烯(C₂H₄)释放的影响, 以及低压环境诱导的植物基因表达和相应的调控机理等, 从不同角度阐述了低压环境对植物生长的影响及植物对低压环境的适应机理, 并指出了将来需要进一步开展的试验研究方向。

Review of advances on growth characteristics and adapting mechanism of plant at low atmospheric pressure

Plants are a key biological component in the controlled ecological life support system at low atmospheric pressure. Both total pressure and partial pressure (of oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) are reduced at low atmospheric pressure. Plants can complete their life cycle (from seed to seed) at low pressure, but their course of development is different from that at normal pressure, in adapting to changed atmospheric conditions. We summarized the effects of low pressure on seed germination, morphology, leaf structure, growth characteristics, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, gas exchange and ethylene release. In addition, we summarized signal transmission and gene express induced by low pressure and discussed the latest research advances on growth characteristics and adapting mechanisms of plants at low atmospheric pressure. We also suggested future emphases and directions of study of plants at low atmospheric pressure.