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Taking organelles apart, putting them back together and creating new ones: lessons from the endoplasmic reticulum |
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| Authors: | Lavoie Christine Roy Line Lanoix Joël Taheri Mariam Young Robin Thibault Geneviève Farah Carol Abi Leclerc Nicole Paiement Jacques |
| Affiliation: | a Département de pharmacologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada b Proteomics Platform, Genome Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada c Caprion Proteomics Inc., Montreal, Canada d Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada e Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Abstract: | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle. It is composed of four subcompartments including nuclear envelope (NE), rough ER (rER), smooth ER (sER) and transitional ER (tER). The subcompartments are interconnected, can fragment and dissociate and are able to reassemble again. They coordinate with cell function by way of protein regulators in the surrounding cytosol. The activity of the many associated molecular machines of the ER as well as the fluid nature of the limiting membrane of the ER contribute extensively to the dynamics of the ER. This review examines the properties of the ER that permit its isolation and purification and the physiological conditions that permit reconstitution both in vitro and in vivo in normal and in disease conditions. |
| Keywords: | AAA, ATPase associated with different cellular activities ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase AP, acute pancreatitis BiP, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein CoA, coenzyme A COPI, coatomer protein I COPII, coatomer protein II CMP, cytosine monophosphate CTP, cytosine triphosphate ER, endoplasmic reticulum ERGIC, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment GTPγS, guanosine 5&prime -3-O-(thio)triphosphate LDM, smooth microsomes and low density rough microsomes NE, nuclear envelope p97, valosin-containing protein PDI, protein disulfide isomerase PUFAs, polyunsaturated free fatty acids rER, rough endoplasmic reticulum sER, smooth endoplasmic reticulum SNARE, SNAP receptor SRM, stripped rough microsomes SRPrβ, signal recognition particle receptor beta tER, transitional endoplasmic reticulum VCP, valosin-containing protein VTCs, vesicular tubular clusters |
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