Effects of experimental manipulation of light and nutrients on establishment of seedlings of native and invasive woody species in Long Island,NY forests |
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| Authors: | Jessica Gurevitch Timothy G Howard Isabel W Ashton Elizabeth A Leger Katherine M Howe Eliza Woo Manuel Lerdau |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA;(2) New York Natural Heritage Program, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233-4757, USA;(3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;(4) Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1000 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA;(5) Midwest Invasive Plant Network, The Nature Conservancy, 1505 N. Delaware St., Suite 200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;(6) Blandy Experimental Farm and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Rd, PO Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA |
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| Abstract: | While earlier studies on the process of invasion often focused on single factors or on the general explanation of ‘disturbance,’
recent work has attempted to move towards a more mechanistic understanding of the factors that promote plant community invasion.
Manipulative experiments provide a means for discerning causal relationships and interactive effects of environmental factors
in promoting invasion; such experiments have been conducted in a number of grassland and shrub ecosystems. This study extends
multifactor manipulative experiments into forest communities to compare factors influencing early seedling establishment for
native and invasive woody plants. In Long Island, NY, invasion patterns are correlated with forest community type (pine barrens
or hardwood), light availability, and soil N and Ca. We conducted manipulative field experiments in two different years to
determine the relative importance and interaction of experimental gaps and N and Ca addition in pine barrens and hardwood
forests in promoting invasion. We used seedlings of seven common native and invasive species in the first experiment, and
16 native and invasive species paired phylogenetically in the second experiment. Light had the strongest effect on plant growth;
all plants grew more in gaps. We found no difference in the average growth rates of native and invasive species. Invasives
responded more to high resources than did natives, with highest relative growth rates in gaps in the more fertile soils of
the hardwood forests. Opportunities for invasion may differ from year to year, with differential success of invaders only
in some years and under some environmental conditions. Clearly, to understand the complex interactions between resources and
invasion in forests will require many manipulative experiments across a range of environments and using suites of invasive
and native species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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| Keywords: | Pine barrens Exotic species Phylogenetically paired experiment Multifactor experiment Community invasibility Forest invasion Nitrophilic plants Experimental gaps Northeastern US hardwood forests |
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