新疆其木干剖面中新世-上新世沉积物粘土矿物特征及其古气候指示意义

为重建新疆其木干地区中新世-上新世古气候,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微分析方法,对该区中新世-上新世沉积物中粘土矿物的相对含量、组合类型及显微形貌等进行了研究。结果显示:中新世早期-早中新世中期,沉积物中粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,含少量的蒙脱石,表明以干旱气候为特征;晚中新世中期-早中新世晚期,伊利石的相对含量逐渐降低,且含有少量的蒙脱石和高岭石,指示相对温湿的气候条件;中新世晚期的粘土矿物组分与中新世早期相似,以伊利石和绿泥石为主,指示古气候以干旱为主导;晚中新世晚期至上新世伊利石相对含量降低,而蒙脱石和高岭石的相对含量升高,但由于粘土矿物中伊利石、绿泥石的含量仍然较高,指示古气候仍然以干旱为主导,但相对于中新世而言,这段时期为相对湿润期。以上结果表明,新疆其木干地区中新世-上新世古气候以干旱为主,并且气候经历了干旱-相对湿润-干旱-相对湿润的演化过程,但总体而言,本区中新世比上新世要更为干旱。

Clay mineralogy and its palaeoclimatic indicative significance of Miocene-Pliocene sediments in Qimugan of Xinjiang

To reconstruct the palaeoclimte of Miocene-Pliocene in Qimugan of Xinjiang, sediments were collected, and their clay minerals relative proportion, assemblage, and micromorphology were determined by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In early Miocene-early mid Miocene sediments, illite and chlorite were the main clay minerals, and montmorillonite was minor, indicating an arid palaeoclimate prevailed over the period. In late mid Miocene-early late Miocene sediments,...