Ice age: Cryopreservation in assisted reproduction – An update |
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Authors: | Kenny Alexandra Rodriguez-Wallberg Max Waterstone Amandine Anastácio |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynaecology and Reproduction, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Laboratory of Translational Fertility Preservation, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Faculty of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland |
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Abstract: | Since the first reported birth following in vitro fertilization in 1978, further developments in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments have produced at least 8 million babies worldwide. Cryopreservation techniques have been central to this treatment revolution, increasing cycle efficacy by allowing the banking of supernumerary embryos for later use, as well as affording the prospective patient more time in cases of anticipated fertility decline. Additionally, these techniques have demonstrated promise in increasing the safety of ART treatments, by reducing complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation, leading to increased support for the introduction of a ‘total freeze’ policy involving deferred embryo transfers. Importantly, the effective cryopreservation of both spermatozoa and oocytes has permitted long-term gamete storage without degradation of quality, facilitating gamete banking for personal use or fertility treatment. Here, we will summarise the indications for applying cryopreservation methods in clinical reproductive medicine, highlighting recent technical advances and examining the evidence base that supports the continued use of cryopreservation in ART. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author at: Head of the Program for Fertility Preservation Department of Reproductive Medicine Division of Gynaecology and Reproduction Karolinska University Hospital SE-141 86 Stockholm Sweden Gamete cryopreservation In vitro fertilisation Assisted reproductive technologies ART Societal pressure Childbearing delay Ethics Live birth Sperm Oocyte Embryo |
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