Embryogenic callus culture of Tribulus terrestris L. a potential source of harmaline, harmine and diosgenin |
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Authors: | T D Nikam Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi V A Patil |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune, 411007, India;(2) Department of Botany, P.G. Research Centre, Modern College, Pune, 411005, India |
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Abstract: | In the present study, a simple one medium formulation protocol for callus culture, somatic embryogenesis and in vitro production
of β-carboline alkaloids and diosgenin in Tribulus terrestris L. was developed. Extensive callus induction and proliferation was obtained in leaf explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 5.0 μM 6 benzyl adenine (BA) and 2.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus was maintained
on subculture to fresh parental medium at 4-week intervals over a period of 28 months. The frequency of embryo formation was
at a maximum (18.1 ± 0.9 per g of callus) on MS medium containing 5.0 μM BA and 2.5 μM NAA together with 75 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate. Globular embryo developed into torpedo stage embryo under the influence of starvation. The accumulation
of β-carboline alkaloids (harmaline and harmine) and steroidal saponin (diosgenin) in non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus
culture derived from leaf explant was compared with root, leaf, stem, and fruit of the mother plant. The embryogenic callus
accumulated equivalent amounts of harmaline (66.4 ± 0.5 μg/g dry weight), harmine (82.7 ± 0.6 μg/g dry weight), and diosgenin
(170.7 ± 1.0 μg/g dry weight) to that of the fruit of T. terrestris. The embryogenic callus culture of this species might offer a potential source for production of important pharmaceuticals. |
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Keywords: | Tribulus terrestris Callus Somatic embryogenesis β -Carboline alkaloids Diosgenin |
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