Perceived goal instrumentality is associated with forgiveness: A test of the valuable relationships hypothesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Nagoya University, Japan;2. University of Miami, United States of America;3. University of California San Diego, United States of America;4. Kochi University of Technology, Japan;5. Ritsumeikan University, Japan;6. Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan;7. Kobe University, Japan;1. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America;2. Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America;3. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America;1. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;2. Queens'' College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany;4. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, United States of America;5. Department of Archeology and Heritage, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;6. Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | Three autobiographical studies tested the valuable relationships hypothesis of forgiveness. Although previous studies revealed that relationship value predicts interpersonal forgiveness, the measure of relationship value may be conflated with affective assessments of the relationship with the transgressor, which might have caused a criterion contamination problem. Therefore, we assessed the goal-related instrumentality of the transgressor (i.e., how useful the transgressor is for helping the victim to achieve his/her goals in fitness-relevant domains). Three studies, one involving a Japanese student sample (Study 1), a second involving Japanese community sample (Study 2), and a third involving U.S. community sample (Study 3), convergently showed that perceived goal instrumentality, as well as a latent relationship value variable estimated from multiple measures of relationship value, are associated with forgiveness. Moreover, this association could be explained in part by the intermediate association of perceived goal instrumentality with empathy both in Japan and the U.S. |
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