The implications of changing hormonal contraceptive use after relationship formation

Modern-day environments differ drastically from those in which humans evolved, which likely has important implications for human mating psychology. Particularly notable is the modern advancement of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which alter the natural hormones of the many women who use them. According to the HC congruency hypothesis, HCs alter sex hormones and brain processes that are linked to numerous relationship preferences. In light of work suggesting such preferences play an important role in relationship evaluations, changing HC use during a long-term relationship (relative to use at relationship formation) should impact women's relationships. We used data from two independent longitudinal studies of 203 newlywed couples to address this possibility. Results demonstrated that wives reported lower sexual satisfaction (but not marital satisfaction) when their HC use was incongruent (versus congruent) with their use at relationship formation. These findings provide preliminary support for the HC congruency hypothesis, though we also broaden our theoretical framework to offer methodological recommendations for future research.