Endophytic bacteria in cacti seeds can improve the development of cactus seedlings |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico;2. Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;3. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, 429 Shantz Building #38, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Buenos Aires 177, Salta 4400, Argentina;2. Departamento de Ecología de La Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, México D.F. 04510, Mexico;3. Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, W Sussex RH176TN, United Kingdom;1. Lab. Genética y Ecología, Depto. Ecología de la biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, 04510 D. F., México, Mexico;2. Aridamérica A. C, 20 de agosto 53-15, San Diego Churubusco, 04120 D.F., México, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, UAQ, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico;4. Lab. Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología Vegetal, Depto. El Hombre y Su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calz. del Hueso, 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960 México, D.F., Mexico;1. Institute of Applied Microbiology, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;2. Institute of Plant Ecology, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;3. Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;4. Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Messeweg 11/12, D-38104 Brauschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A plant–bacterium association between the giant cardon cactus Pachycereus pringlei and endophytic bacteria help seedlings establish and grow on barren rock. This cactus, together with other desert plants, is responsible for weathering ancient lava flows in the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. When cardon seeds are inoculated with endophytic bacteria, the seedlings grow in pulverized rock for at least a year without fertilization and without showing distress. The bacteria–plant association released significant amounts of necessary nutrients from the substrate. When endophytic bacteria were eliminated from the seeds by antibiotics, development of seedlings stopped. In complementary experiments of sterile seeds inoculated with the same endophytic bacteria, plant growth was restored. This study and the previous one show that, under extreme environmental conditions, a symbiotic relationship is present between endophytic bacteria and their cactus host. |
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