Modest human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor function of CXCR3 is strongly enhanced by mimicking the CXCR4 ligand binding pocket in the CXCR3 receptor |
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Authors: | Hatse Sigrid Huskens Dana Princen Katrien Vermeire Kurt Bridger Gary J De Clercq Erik Rosenkilde Mette M Schwartz Thue W Schols Dominique |
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Institution: | Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. sigrid.hatse@rega.kuleuven.be |
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Abstract: | The chemokine receptor CXCR3 can exhibit weak coreceptor function for several human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 strains and clinical isolates. These viruses produced microscopically visible cytopathicity in U87.CD4.CXCR3 cell cultures, whereas untransfected (CXCR3-negative) U87.CD4 cells remained uninfected. Depending on the particular virus, the coreceptor efficiency of CXCR3 was 100- to >10,000-fold lower compared to that of CXCR4. A CXCR3 variant carrying the CXCR4 binding pocket was constructed by simultaneous lysine-to-alanine and serine-to-glutamate substitutions at positions 300 and 304 of the CXCR3 receptor. This mutant receptor (CXCR3K300A, S304E]) showed markedly enhanced HIV coreceptor function compared to the wild-type receptor (CXCR3WT]). Moreover, the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 exhibited antagonistic and anti-HIV activities in U87.CD4.CXCR3K300A, S304E] cells but not in U87.CD4.CXCR3WT] cells. |
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